{"id":1664,"date":"2025-07-02T09:16:12","date_gmt":"2025-07-02T06:16:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vestnikdnes.com\/?p=1664"},"modified":"2025-07-02T09:16:12","modified_gmt":"2025-07-02T06:16:12","slug":"%d0%be%d1%82-%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%85%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b8%d1%8f%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%b4%d0%be-%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%83%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%8f%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vestnikdnes.com\/en\/%d0%be%d1%82-%d0%b0%d0%bb%d1%85%d0%b8%d0%bc%d0%b8%d1%8f%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%b4%d0%be-%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%83%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%8f%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%bd%d0%b0-%d0%bf\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u044a\u043f\u043a\u0438<\/strong>: \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0443\u0440\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0432 \u0414\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u0413\u044a\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0415\u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0411\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0442\u043e\u043a. \u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e III \u0432. \u043f\u0440. \u0425\u0440. \u041f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440 \u0442\u0432\u044a\u0440\u0434\u044f\u043d\u043e \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0441 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u201e\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0430\u201c \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/strong>: \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430 \u201elaboratorium\u201c \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1580\u2011\u0442\u0435, \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0442\u0435<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0420\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0439-\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0438<\/strong> \u043e\u0442 1530-\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u043a \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0449 \u0438 \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0418\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u201e\u043a\u044a\u0449\u0430\u201c<\/strong> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1606 \u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0430\u0441 \u041b\u0438\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0443\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0441 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u2014 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 (17-\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044a\u0442 \u0432 \u041e\u043b\u0434 \u0410\u0448\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043d (\u041e\u043a\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434)<\/strong>: \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 1683\u202f\u0433. \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0430 &#8222;Officina Chimica&#8220; \u2014 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u044f.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0442\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0438 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0410\u043b\u0442\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0444 (\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, 1682)<\/strong> \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u2014 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0449\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img  title=\"\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/heritagecalling.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/G14X8A.jpg?resize=843%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\"  alt=\"G14X8A \u041e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e\"  \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d (19-\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u041e\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/strong>: \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043a\u044a\u043c \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0436 \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d (1828) .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Abbot\u2019s Kitchen (\u041e\u043a\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434, 1860)<\/strong> \u2014 \u0435\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0438 \u0441\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f; \u0441 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a, \u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Justus Liebig \u0432 \u0413\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0435\u043d (1824\u20131852)<\/strong> \u2014 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0432\u044a\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u044a\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u044a\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/strong>: \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u2014 \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437 13. \u0432\u0435\u043a \u0432\u044a\u0432 \u0412\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u044a\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 .<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0433\u0430\u0437, \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f (1830\u20131860) \u2014 \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img  title=\"\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/ethos.lps.library.cmu.edu\/article\/id\/450\/image3.jpeg\"  alt=\"image3 \u041e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e\"  \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0412\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u201c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u045d \u0432 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Justus Liebig<\/strong> \u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u041a\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u041c\u044f\u0441\u0442\u043e<\/th><th>\u0413\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/th><th>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u041f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u0434\u0440.)<\/td><td>III \u0432. \u043f\u0440. \u0425\u0440.<\/td><td>\u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0410\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438<\/td><td>XVI\u2013XVII \u0432.<\/td><td>\u041f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u201elaboratory\u201c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041e\u043b\u0434 \u0410\u0448\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043d, \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434<\/td><td>1683<\/td><td>\u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0410\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u044f<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0410\u043b\u0442\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0444, \u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td><td>1682<\/td><td>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0437\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u041b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u041b\u0430\u0439\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0433, \u0413\u0438\u0439\u0441\u0435\u043d<\/td><td>\u041d\u0430\u0447. XIX \u0432.<\/td><td>\u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e-\u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0430 \u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 (\u041e\u043a\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434 \u0438 \u0410\u043b\u0442\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0444) \u0441\u044a\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0430 19-\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a \u0432\u0438\u0436\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0418\u0437\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201eThe history of chemical laboratories: a thematic approach\u201c \u2013 PMC<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Balliol-Trinity &amp; Abbot\u2019s Kitchen \u2013 \u0423\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u041e\u043a\u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0434<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Justus Liebig\u2019s Laboratory \u2013 EuChemS<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u044a\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u2013 Science Museum \/ ACS <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0420\u0438\u0441\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u2013 CMU \/ Historic England<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e \u0420\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 (17-\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a) \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d (19-\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a) \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0412\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u201c \u041a\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430? \u041c\u044f\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u041f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u0434\u0440.) III \u0432. \u043f\u0440. \u0425\u0440. \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0410\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 XVI\u2013XVII \u0432. \u041f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u201elaboratory\u201c \u041e\u043b\u0434 \u0410\u0448\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043d, [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1665,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[359,1],"tags":[792,74,791,382,101],"class_list":["post-1664","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-health","category-uncategorized","tag-792","tag-74","tag-791","tag-382","tag-101"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u041e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e - \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0414\u043d\u0435\u0441<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vestnikdnes.com\/en\/\u043e\u0442-\u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430-\u0434\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430-\u043d\u0430-\u043f\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u041e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430: \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e - \u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0414\u043d\u0435\u0441\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e \u0420\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 (17-\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a) \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u044a\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d (19-\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a) \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0412\u044a\u0437\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u201e\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u201c \u041a\u044a\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430? \u041c\u044f\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0413\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u041f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u0434\u0440.) III \u0432. \u043f\u0440. \u0425\u0440. \u041f\u044a\u0440\u0432\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u0435\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438 \u0410\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 XVI\u2013XVII \u0432. \u041f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u201elaboratory\u201c \u041e\u043b\u0434 \u0410\u0448\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043d, [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/vestnikdnes.com\/en\/\u043e\u0442-\u0430\u043b\u0445\u0438\u043c\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430-\u0434\u043e-\u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430-\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0430-\u043d\u0430-\u043f\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0412\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0414\u043d\u0435\u0441\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-07-02T06:16:12+00:00\" 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